Country: Indonesia
Subregion Name: Indonesia - Halmahera
Volcano Number: 0608-06=
Volcano Type: Stratovolcanoes
Volcano Status: Historical
Last Known Eruption: 1994
Summit Elevation: 1715 m 5,627 feet
Latitude: 0.80°N 0°48'0"N
Longitude: 127.325°E 127°19'30"E
Volcano Data Criteria Eruption Data Criteria
Gamalama (Peak of Ternate) is a near-conical stratovolcano that comprises
the entire island of Ternate off the western coast of Halmahera and
is one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes. The island of Ternate was
a major regional center in the Portuguese and Dutch spice trade for
several centuries, which contributed to the thorough documentation of
Gamalama's historical activity. Three cones, progressively younger to
the north, form the summit of Gamalama, which reaches 1715 m. Several
maars and vents define a rift zone, parallel to the Halmahera island
arc, that cuts the volcano. Eruptions, recorded frequently since the
16th century, typically originated from the summit craters, although
flank eruptions have occurred in 1763, 1770, 1775, and 1962-63.
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An explosion at Gamalama on 31 July produced an ash cloud that rose to
1-2 km above the summit. The explosion was accompanied by a pyroclastic
flow that traveled ~1 km. Ash fell in the town of Ternate ~30 km N of
the volcano and some residents near the volcano were evacuated. Gamalama
is at Alert Level 4, the highest level.
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