Pigeons and doves constitute the bird family
Columbidae within the
order Columbiformes, which include some 300 species of near
passerines.
In general terms "dove" and "pigeon" are used
somewhat interchangeably. In ornithological practice, there is a
tendency for "dove" to be used for smaller species and
"pigeon" for larger ones, but this is in no way consistently
applied, and historically the common names for these birds involve
a great deal of variation between the terms "dove" and
"pigeon." This family occurs worldwide, but the greatest
variety is in the Indomalaya and Australasia ecozones. Young doves
and pigeons are called "squabs."
Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks, and have
short slender bills with a fleshy cere.
Doves and pigeons build relatively flimsy nests from sticks and
other debris, which may be placed in trees, on ledges or on the
ground,
depending on species. They lay one or two eggs, and both parents
care for the young, which leave the nest after 7 to 28 days.
Doves feed on seeds, fruit and plants. Unlike most other birds (but
see flamingo), the doves and pigeons produce "crop milk",
which is secreted by a sloughing of fluid-filled cells from the
lining of the crop.
Both sexes produce this highly nutritious substance to feed to the
young.
Pigeons and doves exhibit considerable variations
in size. The largest species are the crowned pigeons of New Guinea,
which are nearly turkey-sized, at a weight of 2-4 kilograms (4.4-8.8
lbs.) The smallest are the New World ground-doves of the genus Columbina,
which are the same size as a
House Sparrow and weigh as little as 22 grams. With a total length
of more than 50 centimeters (19 in) and weight of almost a kilo
(2 lb),
the largest arboreal species is the Marquesan Imperial Pigeon, while
the Dwarf Fruit Dove, which may measure as little as 13 centimeters
(5.1 in),
has a marginally smaller total length than any other species from
this family.
Columba
The
large bird genus Columba comprises a group of medium to large stout-bodied
pigeons, often referred to as the typical pigeons.
The terms "dove" and "pigeon" are used indiscriminately
for smaller and larger Columbidae, respectively. Columba
species – at least those
of Columba sensu stricto – are generally termed "pigeons",
and in many cases wood-pigeons. The species commonly referred to
just as
"the pigeon" is the Feral Pigeon (C. livia domestica).
It is derived from the Rock Pigeon (C. livia), which also
has given rise to the majority of
domesticated pigeon breeds, such as the racing pigeon. Meanwhile,
"wood pigeon" by itself usually means the Common Wood-pigeon
(C. palumbus).
This genus as understood today is native to the Old World, but some
– notably the domestic and feral Rock Pigeon – have been
introduced outside their natural range, for example in the Americas.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columba_(genus)
The
three western European Columba pigeons, though superficially alike,
have very distinctive characters.
The Wood Pigeon may at once be told by the white on its neck
(in adults) and wings.
The Rock Pigeon and Stock Pigeon are more alike in
size and plumage, but wild specimens of the former have a white
rump
and two well-marked dark bars on the wing, while the rump of the
Stock Pigeon is grey and its wing bars incomplete.
Feral pigeon (the same species as Rock Pigeon) is
highly variable, and indistinctly marked grey specimens with the
white rump missing,
can sometimes resemble the Stock Pigeon quite closely.
(Easy, isn't it?)
http://en.wikipedia.org/
| English |
Norsk |
Latin |
| White-naped Pigeon |
Hvitnakkedue |
Columba
albinucha |
| White-collared Pigeon |
Etiopiadue |
Columba
albitorques |
| Silvery Wood-Pigeon |
Sølvdue |
Columba
argentina |
| Rameron Pigeon |
Gulbrilledue |
Columba
arquatrix |
| Bolle's Pigeon |
Kanaridue |
Columba
bollii |
| Delegorgue's Pigeon |
Krittnakkedue |
Columba
delegorguei |
| Nilgiri Wood-Pigeon |
Nilgiridue |
Columba
elphinstonii |
| Pale-backed Pigeon |
Morbærdue |
Columba
eversmanni |
| Speckled Pigeon |
Spragledue |
Columba
guinea |
| Speckled Wood-Pigeon |
Sølvhodedue |
Columba
hodgsonii |
| Bronze-naped Pigeon |
Bronsenakkedue |
Columba
iriditorques |
| Japanese Wood-Pigeon |
Mikadodue |
Columba
janthina |
| Ryukyu Pigeon |
Ryukyudue |
Columba
jouyi †|
| Laurel Pigeon |
Laurbærdue |
Columba
junoniae |
| Lemon Dove |
Trolldue |
Columba
larvata |
| White-headed Pigeon |
Dronningdue |
Columba
leucomela |
| Snow Pigeon |
Snødue |
Columba
leuconota |
| Rock
Dove |
Klippedue
(domestisert: bydue) |
Columba
livia |
| Sao Tome Pigeon |
Glansnakkedue |
Columba
malherbii |
| Stock
Pigeon |
Skogdue |
Columba
oenas |
| Somali Pigeon |
Somalidue |
Columba
oliviae |
| Yellow-legged Pigeon |
Praktdue |
Columba
pallidiceps |
| Andaman Wood-Pigeon |
Andamandue |
Columba
palumboides |
| Common
Wood-Pigeon |
Ringdue |
Columba
palumbus |
| Comoro Pigeon |
Komordue |
Columba
pollenii |
| Ashy Wood-Pigeon |
Kragedue |
Columba
pulchricollis |
| Pale-capped Pigeon |
Blekkronedue |
Columba
punicea |
| Hill Pigeon |
Steindue |
Columba
rupestris |
| Forest Dove |
Saotométrolldue |
Columba
simplex |
| Cameroon Pigeon |
Flekkpurpurdue |
Columba
sjostedti |
| Maroon Pigeon |
Saotomédue |
Columba
thomensis |
| Ceylon Wood-Pigeon |
Singaleserdue |
Columba
torringtoni |
| Trocaz Pigeon |
Madeiradue |
Columba
trocaz |
| Afep Pigeon |
Skiferdue |
Columba
unicincta |
| Bonin Pigeon |
Bonindue |
Columba
versicolor †|
| Metallic Pigeon |
Hvitstrupedue |
Columba
vitiensis |
Family Columbidae
Subfamily Columbinae – typical
pigeons & doves
Genus Columba including Aplopelia – Old World
pigeons (33-34 living species, 2-3 recently extinct)
Genus Streptopelia including Stigmatopelia and Nesoenas
– turtledoves (14-18 living species)
Streptopelia is a genus of birds in the dove family.
These are mainly slim, small to medium-sized species.
The upperparts tend to be pale brown, and the underparts are often
a shade of pink.
Many have a characteristic black-and-white patch on the neck, and
monotonous cooing songs.
Like Streptopelia orientalis, the turtle-doves typically have a
"scaled" neck and wing pattern
The heartland of this genus is Africa, but several species occur
in tropical southern Asia.
As a group, this genus is highly successful; many species are abundant
in a range of habitats in the tropics,
and two now have a much more extensive distribution.
| English |
Norsk |
Latin |
| Eurasian
Turtle-Dove |
Turteldue |
Streptopelia
turtur |
| Dusky Turtle-Dove |
Rustvingedue |
Streptopelia
lugens |
| Adamawa Turtle-Dove |
Rosenbukdue |
Streptopelia
hypopyrrha |
| Oriental Turtle-Dove |
Mongolturteldue |
Streptopelia
orientalis |
| Island Collared-Dove |
Jomfrudue |
Streptopelia
bitorquata |
| Eurasian
Collared-Dove |
Tyrkerdue |
Streptopelia
decaocto |
| African Collared-Dove |
Saheldue (domestisert:
latterdue) |
Streptopelia
roseogrisea |
| White-winged Collared-Dove |
Elvedue |
Streptopelia
reichenowi |
| African Mourning Dove |
Klagedue |
Streptopelia
decipiens |
| Red-eyed Dove |
Rødøyedue |
Streptopelia
semitorquata |
| Ring-necked Dove |
Savannedue |
Streptopelia
capicola |
| Vinaceous Dove |
Vindue |
Streptopelia
vinacea |
| Red Collared-Dove |
Gråhodedue |
Streptopelia
tranquebarica |
| Madagascar Turtle-Dove |
Umbradue |
Streptopelia
picturata |
| Spotted Dove |
Perlekragedue |
Streptopelia
chinensis |
| Laughing Dove |
Palmedue |
Streptopelia
senegalensis |
Genus Patagioenas – American pigeons; formerly in Columba
(17 species)
caribaea/Band-tailed
group (Chloroenas): Tails with
terminal bands and iridescent neck;
rows of low single coos. Apparently the most basal group.[1]
Band-tailed Pigeon, Patagioenas fasciata
Chilean Pigeon,
Patagioenas araucana, Skjellgrandue
Ring-tailed Pigeon, Patagioenas caribaea
leucocephala group
(Patagioenas sensu stricto): Iridescent neck and dark plumage,
or white edged outer wing coverts, or scaly appearance;
groups of triple coos with the first call in each drawn out except
in speciosa
White-crowned Pigeon Patagioenas leucocephala
Scaly-naped Pigeon, Patagioenas squamosa
Scaled Pigeon, Patagioenas speciosa
Picazuro Pigeon,
Patagioenas picazuro, Picazurodue
Bare-eyed Pigeon, Patagioenas corensis
Spot-winged Pigeon, Patagioenas maculosa
cayennensis group: No display plumage
except iridescent head in cayennensis;
groups of double or triple coos with the first call in each short
Pale-vented Pigeon, Patagioenas cayennensis
Red-billed Pigeon, Patagioenas flavirostris
Maranon Pigeon, Patagioenas oenops
Plain Pigeon, Patagioenas inornata
plumbea group (Oenoenas): Small size,
plain plumage, rounded tails,
small bills, phrase composed of high single coos
Plumbeous Pigeon, Patagioenas plumbea
Ruddy Pigeon, Patagioenas subvinacea
Short-billed Pigeon, Patagioenas nigrirostris
Dusky Pigeon, Patagioenas goodsoni
Genus Ectopistes – Passenger Pigeon; formerly
Leptotilinae (extinct; 1914)
Genus Macropygia (10 species)
Genus Reinwardtoena (3 species)
Genus Turacoena (2 species)
Subfamily N.N. – Bronzewings and relatives
Genus Turtur – African wood-doves (5 species; tentatively
placed here)
Emerald-spotted Wood Dove, Turtur chalcospilos
Black-billed Wood Dove, Turtur abyssinicus
Blue-spotted Wood Dove, Turtur afer
Tambourine Dove, Turtur tympanistria
Blue-headed Wood Dove, Turtur brehmeri
Genus Oena – Namaqua Dove (tentatively placed here)
Genus Chalcophaps (2 species)
Genus Henicophaps (2 species)
Genus Phaps (3 species)
Genus Ocyphaps – Crested Pigeon
Genus Geophaps (3 species)
Genus Petrophassa – rock-pigeons (2 species)
Genus Geopelia (3–5 species)
Subfamily Leptotilinae – Zenaidine and quail-doves
Genus Zenaida (7 species)
Genus Leptotila (11 species)
Genus Geotrygon – quail-doves (16 species)
Genus Starnoenas – Blue-headed Quail-Dove
Subfamily Columbininae – American ground doves
Genus Columbina (7 species)
Genus Claravis (3 species)
Genus Metriopelia (4 species)
Genus Scardafella – possibly belongs into Columbina
(2 species)
Genus Uropelia – Long-tailed Ground Dove
Subfamily N.N. – Indopacific ground doves
Genus Gallicolumba (16-17 living species, 3-4 recently extinct)
Gallicolumba is a mid-sized genus of ground-dwelling
doves (family Columbidae) which occur in rainforests on the Philippines,
Indonesia,
and in the Pacific region.
This genus includes the Pacific ground-doves and the bleeding-hearts
known from the Philippines.
The latter are named for their vivid-red patch on the breast, which
looks startlingly like a bleeding wound in some species
and has reminded naturalists of a dagger stab. The diet of doves
of this genus consists of fruits and seed.
| English |
Norsk |
Latin |
| Luzon Bleeding-heart |
Luzonbloddue |
Gallicolumba
luzonica |
| Catanduanes
Bleeding-heart |
|
Gallicolumba
luzonica rubiventris -extinct? |
| Mindanao Bleeding-heart |
Mindanaobloddue |
Gallicolumba
crinigera |
| Basilan
Bleeding-heart |
|
Gallicolumba
luzonica rubiventris -extinct? |
| Mindoro Bleeding-heart |
Mindorobloddue |
Gallicolumba
platenae |
| Negros
Bleeding-heart |
Negrosbloddue |
Gallicolumba
keayi |
| Sulu Bleeding-heart |
Tawitawibloddue |
Gallicolumba
menagei |
| Cinnamon Ground-Dove |
Gulbrystjorddue |
Gallicolumba
rufigula |
| Sulawesi Ground-Dove |
Sulawesijorddue |
Gallicolumba
tristigmata |
| White-bibbed Ground-Dove, Purple
GD |
Hvitbrynjorddue |
Gallicolumba
jobiensis |
| Vella
Lavella Ground Dove, |
|
Gallicolumba jobiensis chalconota, extinct? |
Caroline Islands Ground-Dove
White-fronted Ground Dove |
Karolinejorddue |
Gallicolumba
kubaryi |
| Polynesian Ground-Dove |
Tuamotujorddue |
Gallicolumba
erythroptera |
| White-headed
Polynesian Ground Dove |
|
Gallicolumba
erythroptera albicolli, extinct? |
| White-throated Ground-Dove |
Marianejorddue |
Gallicolumba
xanthonura |
Friendly Ground-Dove
Tongan Ground Dove |
Eremittjorddue |
Gallicolumba
stairi |
| Santa Cruz Ground-Dove |
Santacruzjorddue |
Gallicolumba
sanctaecrucis |
| Tanna Ground-Dove |
Tannajorddue |
Gallicolumba
ferruginea, extinct? |
Thick-billed Ground-Dove
|
Salomonjorddue |
Gallicolumba
salamonis, extinct? |
| Marquesas Ground-Dove |
Hvitvingejorddue |
Gallicolumba
rubescens |
| Bronze Ground-Dove |
Blåjorddue |
Gallicolumba
beccarii |
| Palau Ground-Dove |
Palaujorddue |
Gallicolumba
canifrons |
| Wetar Ground-Dove |
Wetarjorddue |
Gallicolumba
hoedtii |
Genus Trugon – Thick-billed Ground Pigeon
Subfamily Otidiphabinae – Pheasant Pigeon
Genus Otidiphaps – Pheasant Pigeon
Subfamily Didunculinae – Tooth-billed Pigeon
Genus Didunculus – Tooth-billed Pigeon
Subfamily Gourinae – crowned pigeons
Genus Goura (3 species)
Subfamily N.N. ("Treroninae") – green and
fruit doves and imperial pigeons
Genus Ducula – imperial-pigeons (36 species)
Genus Lopholaimus – Topknot Pigeon
Genus Hemiphaga (2 species)
Genus Cryptophaps – Sombre Pigeon
Genus Gymnophaps – mountain-pigeons (3 species)
Genus Ptilinopus – fruit doves (some 50 living species,
1-2 recently extinct) see
here and here
Genus Natunaornis – Viti Levu Giant Pigeon (prehistoric)
Genus Drepanoptila – Cloven-feathered Dove
Genus Alectroenas – blue pigeons (3 living species)
Subfamily Raphinae – didines
Genus Raphus – Dodo (extinct; late 17th century)
Genus Pezophaps – Rodrigues Solitaire (extinct; c.1730)
Placement unresolved
Genus Caloenas – Nicobar Pigeon
Genus Treron – green pigeons (23 species)
Genus Phapitreron – brown doves (3 species)
Genus Leucosarcia – Wonga Pigeon
Genus Microgoura – Choiseul Crested Pigeon (extinct;
early 20th century)
Genus Dysmoropelia – Saint Helena Dove (extinct)
Genus Bountyphaps - Henderson Island Archaic Pigeon (prehistoric)
