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Parrots
Infraclass: Neognathae, Order:
Psittaciformes
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Parrots, also known as psittacines, are birds of the
roughly 372 species in 86 genera that make up the order
Psittaciformes, found in most
tropical and subtropical regions. The order is subdivided into
three families: the Psittacidae ('true' parrots), the
Cacatuidae (cockatoos) and
the Strigopidae (New Zealand parrots). Parrots have a
generally pantropical distribution with several species inhabiting
temperate regions
in the Southern Hemisphere as well. The greatest diversity of
parrots is found in South America and Australasia.
Characteristic features of parrots include a strong, curved
bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl
feet. Many parrots are vividly
coloured, and some are multi-coloured. The plumage of cockatoos
ranges from mostly white to mostly black, with a mobile crest
of feathers
on the tops of their heads. Most parrots exhibit little or no
sexual dimorphism. They form the most variably sized bird order
in terms of length.
The most important components of most parrots' diets are seeds,
nuts, fruit, buds and other plant material. A few species sometimes
eat
animals and carrion, while the lories and lorikeets are specialised
for feeding on floral nectar and soft fruits. Almost all parrots
nest in tree
hollows (or nest boxes in captivity), and lay white eggs from
which hatch altricial (helpless) young.
Parrots, along with ravens, crows, jays and magpies, are among
the most intelligent birds, and the ability of some species
to imitate human
voices enhances their popularity as pets. Trapping wild parrots
for the pet trade, as well as hunting, habitat loss and competition
from
invasive species, has diminished wild populations, with parrots
being subjected to more exploitation than any other group of
birds.
Measures taken to conservethe habitats of some high-profile
charismatic species have also protected many of the less charismatic
species
living in the same ecosystems.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrot
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The following classification is based on the
most recent proposal, which in turn is based on all
the relevant recent findings.
Superfamily Strigopoidae:
The New Zealand parrots.
Family Nestoridae: 2 genera with 2 living (Kea and
Kaka) of the New Zealand region.
Family Strigopidae: The flightless, critically endangered
Kakapo of New Zealand.
Superfamily Cacatuoidae:
Cockatoos
Family Cacatuidae
Subfamily Nymphicinae: 1 genus with one species, the Cockatiel.
Subfamily Calyptorhynchinae: The black cockatoos
Subfamily Cacatuinae
Tribe Microglossini: One genus with one species, the black
Palm Cockatoo.
Tribe Cacatuini: Four genera of white, pink and grey species.
Genus: Cacatua and Genus Licmetis:
Subgenus Cacatua
- true white cockatoos
Yellow-crested (or Lesser Sulphur-crested) Cockatoo, Cacatua
(Cacatua) sulphurea
Sulphur-crested
Cockatoo, Cacatua (Cacatua) galerita
Blue-eyed Cockatoo, Cacatua (Cacatua) ophthalmica
White (or Umbrella) Cockatoo, Cacatua (Cacatua) alba
Salmon-crested (or Moluccan) Cockatoo, Cacatua (Cacatua)
moluccensis
Subgenus Licmetis - corellas
Long-billed Corella, Cacatua (Licmetis) tenuirostris
Western Corella, Cacatua (Licmetis) pastinator
Little Corella, Cacatua (Licmetis) sanguinea
Tanimbar Corella (or Goffin's Cockatoo), Cacatua (Licmetis)
goffiniana
Solomons Cockatoo (or Ducorps's Cockatoo), Cacatua (Licmetis)
ducorpsii
Red-vented (or Philippine) Cockatoo, Cacatua (Licmetis)
haematuropygia
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Superfamily Psittacoidae: true parrots.
Family Psittacidae
Subfamily Psittacinae: Two African genera, Grey Parrot and
Poicephalus
Subfamily Arinae
Tribe Arini: 15 genera
Genus Anodorhynchus
Hyacinth Macaw, Hyasintara, Anodorhynchus
hyacinthinus
Lear's Macaw,
Indigoara, Anodorhynchus leari
Glaucous Macaw, Asurara, Anodorhynchus glaucus
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Genus Ara:
Blue-and-yellow Macaw,
Ara ararauna (Linnaeus, 1758)
Blue-throated Macaw, Ara glaucogularis Dabbene, 1921
Military Macaw, Ara militaris (Linnaeus, 1766)
Ara militaris bolivianus
Reichenow, 1908
Ara militaris
mexicanus Ridgway, 1915
Ara militaris militaris (Linnaeus, 1766)
Great Green Macaw or Buffon's Macaw, Ara ambiguus
Ara ambiguus
ambiguus (Bechstein, 1811)
Ara ambiguus guayaquilensis Chapman,
1925
Scarlet Macaw, Ara macao (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ara macao cyanopterus
Wiedenfeld, 1995
Ara macao macao (Linnaeus, 1758)
Red-and-green Macaw or Green-winged Macaw, Ara chloropterus
Gray, 1859
Red-fronted Macaw, Ara rubrogenys Lafresnaye, 1847
Chestnut-fronted Macaw or Severe Macaw, Ara severus (Linnaeus,
1758) |
Genus Hapalopsittica:
Rusty-faced Parrot (Hapalopsittaca
amazonina)
Red-faced Parrot
(Hapalopsittaca pyrrhops)
Fuertes's Parrot (Hapalopsittaca fuertesi)
Black-winged Parrot (Hapalopsittaca melanotis) |
Genus Touit:
Lilac-tailed Parrotlet,
Touit batavicus
Scarlet-shouldered Parrotlet, Touit huetii
Red-fronted Parrotlet, Touit costaricensis - sometimes
included in T. dilectissimus
Blue-fronted Parrotlet or Red-winged Parrotlet, Touit
dilectissimus
Sapphire-rumped Parrotlet, Touit purpuratus
Brown-backed Parrotlet, Touit melanonotus
Golden-tailed Parrotlet, Touit surdus
Spot-winged Parrotlet,
Touit stictopterus |
Tribe Androglossini: 7 genera
Incertae sedis: 10 genera
Family Psittrichasiidae
Subfamily Psittrichasinae: One species, Pesquet's Parrot
Subfamily Coracopsinae: One genera with several species.
Family Psittaculidae
Subfamily Platycercinae (Psittacinae)
Tribe Pezoporini: ground parrots and allies
Tribe Platycercini: broad-tailed parrots
Genus: Pezoporus
Night Parrot, Pezoporus
occidentalis
Subfamily Psittacellinae: 1 genus (Psittacella) with several
species.
Subfamily Loriinae
Tribe Loriini: lories and lorikeets
Tribe Melopsittacini: 1 genus with one species, the Budgerigar
Tribe Cyclopsittini: fig parrots
Subfamily Agapornithinae: 3 genera
Subfamily Psittaculinae (Psittacinae)
Tribe Polytelini: 3 genera
Tribe Psittaculini: Asian psittacines
Genus Loriculus:
Moluccan Hanging Parrot,
Loriculus amabilis
Orange-fronted Hanging Parrot, Loriculus aurantiifrons
Sri Lanka Hanging Parrot, Loriculus beryllinus
Sangihe Hanging
Parrot, Loriculus catamene
Pygmy Hanging Parrot, Loriculus exilis (also called Green
Hanging Parrot)
Wallace's Hanging Parrot, Loriculus flosculus
Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot, Loriculus galgulus
Sula Hanging Parrot, Loriculus sclateri
Great Hanging Parrot, Loriculus stigmatus (also called
Celebes Hanging Parrot)
Bismarck Hanging Parrot, Loriculus tener
Philippine Hanging Parrot, Loriculus philippensis (or
Colasisi)
Cebu Hanging
Parrot, Loriculus philippensis chrysonotus
Camiguin Hanging Parrot, Loriculus
(camiguinensis) philippensis
Black-billed
Hanging Parrot, Loriculus (philippensis) bonapartei
Yellow-throated Hanging Parrot, Loriculus pusillus
Vernal Hanging Parrot, Loriculus vernalis |
Genus Tanygnathus:
Tribe Micropsittini: 6 genera, Pygmy parrots
Genus: Micropsitta
Meek's Pygmy Parrot,
Micropsitta meeki
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