Aquila
belongs to an extremely close-knit group of "typical"
eagles. These include genera like Hieraaetus
(3) ,
Lophaetus (1), Ictinaetus
(1) and the extinct Harpagornis, and all these appear
to be paraphyletic with regards to the
traditional Aquila. Why not Haliaeetus?or
Pandion?
Especially some, if not all, species of Hieraaetus, separated
primarily due to their smaller size, seem to belong here.
The entire "typical eagle" group is in need of a thorough
revision, and thus this species list cannot be more than a tentative
one at present.
Most problematic is certainly Hieraeetus, the hawk-eagles.
It is known that the type species, the Booted Eagle, is very close
to some Aquila eagles. Other hawk-eagles might indeed be
distinct enough to warrant generic separation, but the name
Hieraaetus is not available for them, being a junior synonym
of Aquila as the Booted Eagle is included herein.
Engelsk |
Norsk |
Latinsk |
Spanish Eagle |
Iberiaørn |
Aquila
adalberti |
Wedge-tailed Eagle |
Kilehaleørn |
Aquila
audax |
Tasmanian
Wedge-tailed Eagle |
|
Aquila
audax fleayi |
Ayres' Hawk-Eagle |
Flekkørn |
Aquila
ayresii |
Golden
Eagle |
Kongeørn |
Aquila
chrysaetos |
Greater
Spotted Eagle |
Storskrikørn |
Aquila
clanga, to
be moved to Lophaetus or Ictinaetus |
Bonelli's Eagle |
Haukørn |
Aquila
fasciata |
Gurney's Eagle |
Jungelørn |
Aquila
gurneyi |
Indian Spotted Eagle |
Indiaskrikørn |
Aquila
hastata, to
be moved to Lophaetus or Ictinaetus |
Imperial Eagle |
Keiserørn |
Aquila
heliaca |
Rufous-bellied Eagle |
Rødbukørn |
Aquila
kienerii |
Little Eagle |
Småørn |
Aquila
morphnoides |
Pygmy
Eagle |
|
Aquila
morphnoides
weiskei |
Steppe
Eagle |
Steppeørn |
Aquila
nipalensis |
Booted Eagle |
Dvergørn |
Aquila
pennata |
Lesser Spotted Eagle |
Småskrikørn |
Aquila
pomarina, to
be moved to Lophaetus or Ictinaetus |
Tawny Eagle |
Savanneørn |
Aquila
rapax |
African Hawk-Eagle |
Afrikahaukørn |
Aquila
spilogaster |
Verreaux's Eagle |
Klippeørn |
Aquila
verreauxii |
Wahlberg's Eagle |
Bantuørn |
Aquila
wahlbergi |
Genus Hieraaetus
all now included in the list above of
the Aquilas
The genus Hieraaetus, sometimes known as hawk-eagles,
denoted a group of smallish eagles usually placed in the Buteoninae
subfamily of accipitrids.
At present, 3 species of medium-sized birds of prey inhabiting Africa
and New Guinea are retainedin this group. These are:
Genus Hieraaetus
African Hawk-Eagle, "Hieraaetus" spilogaster
Little Eagle, "Hieraaetus" morphnoides
Pygmy Eagle, "Hieraaetus"
morphnoides weiskei
Ayres's Hawk-Eagle, "Hieraaetus" ayresii |
The Booted
Eagle (formerly Hieraaetus pennatus), Bonelli's Eagle (formerly
H. fasciatus), the Little Eagle
(formerly H. morphnoides) and the Rufous-bellied Eagle (formerly
H. kienerii) have been determined by recent genetic
research to be polyphyletic and clustered along with the eagles
of the genus Aquila rather than to their traditional group.
This creates a taxonomic problem: The Booted Eagle, (formerly Hieraaetus
pennatus), is the type species of Hieraaetus,
making that name a junior synonym of Aquila. Consequently,
should any hawk-eagles be retained as a distinct group,
they need to get a different genus name.
Genus Lophaetus occipitalis
Long-crested Eagle, Lophaetus occipitalis, Toppørn,
Genus Ictinaetus
Black Eagle,
Ictinaetus malayensis, Svartørn,
Genus Haliaeetus
A sea eagle, Haliaeetus , (also called erne or ern,
mostly in reference to the White-tailed Eagle) is any of the birds
of prey in
the genus Haliaeetus in the bird of prey family Accipitridae.
There are eight living species:
Engelsk |
Norsk |
Latinsk |
White-bellied Sea-Eagle |
Hvitbukhavørn |
Haliaeetus
leucogaster |
Solomon Fish-Eagle |
Brunhavørn |
Haliaeetus
sanfordi |
African Fish-Eagle |
Flodørn |
Haliaeetus
vocifer |
Madagascar Fish-Eagle |
Gasserflodørn |
Haliaeetus
vociferoides |
Pallas' Fish-Eagle |
Båndhavørn |
Haliaeetus
leucoryphus |
White-tailed
Eagle |
Havørn |
Haliaeetus
albicilla |
Bald Eagle |
Hvithodehavørn |
Haliaeetus
leucocephalus |
Steller's Sea-Eagle |
Kjempehavørn |
Haliaeetus
pelagicus |
Sea eagles vary in size, from the Sanford's Fish Eagle averaging 22.7
kg to the huge Steller's Sea Eagle weighing up to 9 kg.
At up to 6.9 kg, the White-tailed Eagle is the largest eagle in Europe.
Bald Eagles can weigh up to 6.3 kg, making them the
largest eagle native to North America. The White-bellied Sea Eagle
can weigh up to 3.4 kg.
Their diets consist mainly of fish and small mammals.
Pandion
The Pandionidae family used to be in the Accipitridae
family. Ornithologists (people who study birds) didn't think they
belonged with the Accipiters
because there were more differences between the Osprey and other
raptors than there were
things that were alike. Now the Osprey have their own group in the
Falconiforme order called Pandionidae.
The Osprey is the only bird in the Pandionidae family.
Osprey, Pandion haliaetus. Focus on beak.
© Holly Kuchera
| Dreamstime.com
The differences between Osprey and other raptors are that:
These birds dive into the water feet first to get prey.
They eat fish most of the time.
They can close up their nose when they dive under water.
They have sharp barbs that stick out of their feet. These help them
to hold on to slippery fish prey.
They have an outer toe that can be turned backwards or forwards.
The Osprey is unusual in that it is a single living species that
occurs nearly worldwide. Even the few subspecies are not unequivocally
separable. There are four generally recognised subspecies, although
differences are small, and ITIS only lists the first two.
ORDER ACCIPITRIFORMES
Family Pandionidae
Genus Pandion
Western Osprey Pandion haliaetus
Pandion haliaetus haliaetus
(Linnaeus, 1758), Eurasia.[8]
Pandion haliaetus carolinensis (Gmelin, 1788), North
America.
Pandion haliaetus ridgwayi (Maynard, 1887), Caribbean
islands.
Pandion haliaetus cristatus ,
Eastern Osprey Pandion cristatus |
Pandion haliaetus,
Fiskeørn,
Osprey
Pandion haliaetus haliaetus
(Linnaeus, 1758), Eurasia.[8]
Pandion haliaetus carolinensis (Gmelin, 1788), North America.
This form is larger, darker bodied and has a paler breast than nominate
haliaetus.
Pandion haliaetus ridgwayi
(Maynard, 1887), Caribbean islands.
This form has a very pale head and breast compared with nominate
haliaetus, with only a weak eye mask.[8] It is non-migratory.
Its scientific name commemorates American ornithologist Robert Ridgway.[9]
Pandion haliaetus cristatus
,
coastline and some large rivers of Australia and Tasmania. The smallest
subspecies, also non-migratory.
500
other birds - click here