Our Beautiful World

The Andes - Fauna and Nature   

Part 1. Peru


peak
Illimani (6,438 metres/21,122'), the highest peak of Cordillera Real, Bolivia.
Its name means "golden eagle" in Aymara

Animals, birds and flowers on this page:

BIRDS
ANIMALS
FLORA
Andean Condor, Vultur Gryphus
Lama, Lama glama
Queen of the Andes, Puya raimondii
Andean Cock-of-the-rock,
Rupicola peruviana
American alligator,
Alligator mississippiensis
Scarlet Macaw, Ara macao
Snakebird, Anhinga anhinga Purus red howler, Alouatta puruensis
White-rumped Hawk, Buteo leucorrhous Capuchines



From a rearranged translation of Vladimir Dinets original pages to norwegian, with supplements.


Klikk på flagg for norsk versjon


Pages for Latin America


The Andes.


Being the World's longest mountain range, the Andes are also the most interesting one.
Their astonishing natural diversity reaches its maximum in Peru, where the western slope is rising
above the planet's driest desert, while the eastern slope is covered with rain- and cloud forests.
If I was an extraterrestrial tourist and had to choose a place for a once-in-a-lifetime month-long
vacation on Earth, I'd probably go to Peru.
So said the Author of those pages about The Andes.
When I started to rewrite this for www.vulkaner.no, I had to admit that I did know very
little about Peru. The capital was Lima, and it is situated somewhere in the central part of SA,
not too far from Equator..


Peru



I was right about Equator, it crosses the border on the top. But what then?

The Peruvian population, estimated at 29.5 million, is multiethnic, including Amerindians, Europeans,
Africans, and Asians. The main spoken language is Spanish, although a significant number of Peruvians
speak Quechua or other native languages. This mixture of cultural traditions has resulted in a wide
diversity of expressions in fields such as art, cuisine, literature, and music.

Peru covers 1,285,216 km2 . It borders Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Bolivia
to the southeast, Chile to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. The Andes Mountains run
parallel to the Pacific Ocean; they define the three regions traditionally used to describe the country
geographically. The costa (coast), to the west, is a narrow plain, largely arid except for valleys created
by seasonal rivers. The sierra (highlands) is the region of the Andes; it includes the Altiplano plateau as
well as the highest peak of the country, the 6,768 m Huascarán. The third region is the selva (jungle),
a wide expanse of flat terrain covered by the Amazon rainforest that extends east. Almost 60% of the
country's area is located within this region.



Alpamayo mountain in Peru.
Photo: Brad Mering, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alpamayo.jpg

Most Peruvian rivers originate in the peaks of the Andes and drain into one of three basins. Those that
drain toward the Pacific Ocean are steep and short, flowing only intermittently. Tributaries of the
Amazon River are longer, have a much larger flow, and are less steep once they exit the sierra.
Rivers that drain into Lake Titicaca are generally short and have a large flow. Peru's longest rivers are
the Ucayali, the Marañón, the Putumayo, the Yavarí, the Huallaga, the Urubamba, the Mantaro,
and the Amazon.

Peru, unlike other equatorial countries, does not have an exclusively tropical climate; the influence of
the Andes and the Humboldt Current cause great climatic diversity within the country. The costa has
moderate temperatures, low precipitations, and high humidity, except for its warmer, wetter northern
reaches. In the sierra, rain is frequent during summer, and temperature and humidity diminish with
altitude up to the frozen peaks of the Andes. The selva is characterized by heavy rainfall and high
temperatures, except for its southernmost part, which has cold winters and seasonal rainfall.
Because of its varied geography and climate, Peru has a high biodiversity with 21,462 species of plants
and animals reported as of 2003; 5,855 of them endemic.

Queen of the Andes, Puya raimondii
Loma de Lachay,
Coast of Peru
Giant Puia, Puya raimondii
Huascaran, Peru

Puya raimondii, also known as the Queen of The Andes, is rivalled only by members of the
Ceroxylon palm genus as the most spectacular high-Andean plant. It occurs in often very isolated
and usually small populations or rodales from Peru to Bolivia. Communities frequently number
a few hundred individuals or less, but can range up to perhaps 30,000 plants in Paso Winchus as
well as in Cashapampa, Pachacoto and sector Carpa, Huascarán National Park, Huaraz,
which is probably Peru’s best known location. Populations reach 10,000 in Rodeo, Arani province,
Bolivia’s largest population which may represent one third that country’s plants. In Titankayoc in
southern Peru’s Ayacucho, however, there is an extraordinary site of several thousand hectares
which contains, depending on source, an estimated 250,000 to at least 450,000 plants.


Puya raimondii
Departamento de Ayacucho (Perú)

Photo: Pepe Roque

The plant is monocarpic and in habitat seeds only once in about 80 years or more before dying.
Although a mature Puya will produce 8–12 million seeds and viability is usually good, inclement
montane conditions at the time of dispersal, which may inter alia affect pollinating insects, can result
in few if any germinations. Moreover, seeds in less than ideal conditions can begin to lose
germinating ability after a few months and are also susceptible to damping-off. Because of these
factors, a century-old plant may not reproduce at all and will, botanically, have lived in vain.
This risk is exacerbated by global warming whose effects on Peru’s glaciers are well established.
Climate change may already be impairing Puya raimondii’s ability to flower


The Puya raimondii grows in Vacas. It has the
longest inflorescence in the world (up to 8 m tall,
depending on the environmental conditions).
The image is showing part of the inflorescence
with blossom.

Photo: Foto: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacas_Municipality

This plant usually occurs at around 4,000 m in the Andes of Peru and Bolivia, but it ranges from 3,000 m up to 4,800 m (both extremes occur in Bolivia).

Typical habitat for this species occurs at about 4,000 m but can extend from 3,000–4,800 m. At these levels, air temperatures range from very cold (as low as -20ºC or less) to an estimated maxima of 8–24ºC.

Source: Lambe, A. 2009. Puya raimondii. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 28 February 2012

The 'dry' season brings fog
over Rio Manu
Flowering Seiba pintandra,
Manu NP

And between those two contrasts we find the Mountains


peak
Sunset in Cordillera Blanca, Peru.

view
Orchids, Machu Picchu.


peak
One of Cordillera Blanca peaks

The Andes are very beautiful.
The inner part of Peruvian Andes is the high Altiplano plateau. It looks very much like Tibet.
Just like in Tibet, mountain ridges around the plateau are sliced with very deep, narrow gorges.



lake
Salt Lake
at Peru-Bolivian border.

lake
Lauca National Park at
Peru-Chilean border.


view
Ucayali River canyon
near Machu Picchu. The
white spot at the bottom
is a railroad station.

head
Colca Canyon,
the deepest in the Americas.


view
These rock faces in Colca Canyon shelter breeding colony
of Andean condors, Vultur gryphus.


Andean Condor, Vultur Gryphus



Andean Ckondor, Vultur gryphus
IMSI's MasterClips(MasterPhotos(C) Collection,
1895 Francisco Blvd.East, San Rafael, CA 94901-5506, USA

The Andean Condor is said to be the largest of all living birds of prey. It breeds from Venezuela in the North and all the
way down to Tierra del Fuego. Of course it is not numerous all over. In the Western Argentine and in Columbia they
are relatively few.

When they form great flocks of 60 birds, they make a marvelous look. As the eagles of the Andes, they find warm
up-winds and circle by means of them higher and higher.

The Andean Condor, Vultur gryphus, is a species of South American bird in the New World vulture family Cathartidae
and is the only member of the genus Vultur. Found in the Andes mountains and adjacent Pacific coasts of western
South America, it has the largest wingspan at 3.2 m of any land bird.


It is a large black vulture with a ruff of white feathers surrounding the base of the neck and, especially in the male, large
white patches on the wings. The head and neck are nearly featherless, and are a dull red color, which may flush and
therefore change color in response to the bird's emotional state. In the male, there is a wattle on the neck and a large,
dark red comb or caruncle on the crown of the head. Unlike most birds of prey, the male is larger than the female.

The condor is primarily a scavenger, feeding on carrion. It prefers large carcasses, such as those of deer or cattle.
It reaches sexual maturity at five or six years of age and nests at elevations of up to 5,000 m , generally on inaccessible
rock ledges. One or two eggs are usually laid. It is one of the world's longest-living birds, with a lifespan of up to
100 years old in captivity.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andean_Condor

ARKive video - Andean condor - overview
Andean condor, Vultur gryphus - Overview
BBC Natural History Unit
http://www.arkive.org


The eco-tourism industry is booming. One hotspot in South Eastern Peru attracts over 40,000 visitors a year as it's one of the best places in world to practice birdspotting.

It seems though, that the sound of tourists talking is getting in the way of them seeing the full spectrum of species. Daniel Karp, Stanford University graduate and long-time birdspotter talked to Earth Beat about the impact that the noise from well-meaning birdwatchers is having on the birds' habitat.

Ecotourists who "ooh" and "aah" over the marvels of nature may be doing more harm than if they appreciated the animals silently. Some species, it turns out, become significantly more stressed by even quiet conversation.
http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/birdspotters-stress-out-peruvian-birds


 
foto: http://www.hawk-conservancy.org/priors/george.htm


Lama, Lama glama


Photo:© William Albert Allard, National Geographic Magazine, May, 1996

Llamas and alpacas are the most important domestic animals of the Altiplano.
Llamas were also the only freight transport of Inca Empire -
that's why ancient Inca roads have steps instead of switchbacks.



lama
Llama, Cerros de Amotape

lama
Alpacas, Fitzcarraldo Pass

The Llama, Lama glama is a South American camelid, widely used as a meat and pack animal by Andean cultures
since pre-Hispanic times.

The height of a full-grown, full-size llama is 1.7 to 1.8 m tall at the top of the head, and can weigh between 130 to 200 kilograms
At birth, a baby llama (called a cria) can weigh between 9 and 14 kilograms . Llamas can live for a period of about 20–30 years
depending on how well they are taken care of. Llamas are very social animals and live with other llamas as a herd.
The wool produced by a llama is very soft and lanolin-free. Llamas are intelligent and can learn simple tasks after a few
repetitions. When using a pack, llamas can carry about 25% to 30% of their body weight for several miles.

The name llama (in the past also spelled 'lama' or 'glama') was adopted by European settlers from native Peruvians.



A girl and her Llama
In Cuzco, Peru
Photo: Thomas Quine


As of 2007, there were over 7 million llamas and alpacas in South America and, due to importation from South America in
the late 20th century, there are now over 158,000 llamas and 100,000 alpacas in the US and Canada.

Llamas which are well-socialized and trained to halter and lead after weaning are very friendly and pleasant to be around.
They are extremely curious and most will approach people easily. However, llamas that are bottle-fed or over-socialized
and over-handled as youngsters will become extremely difficult to handle when mature, when they will begin to treat humans
as they treat each other, which is characterized by bouts of spitting, kicking and neck wrestling. Anyone having to bottle-feed
a cria should keep contact to a minimum and stop as soon as possible.

When correctly reared, llamas spitting at a human is a rare thing. Llamas are very social herd animals, however, and do
sometimes spit at each other as a way of disciplining lower-ranked llamas in the herd. A llama's social rank in a herd is
never static. They can always move up or down in the social ladder by picking small fights.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llama


Andean Cock-of-the-rock, Rupicola peruviana


Andean Cock-of-the-rock, Rupicola peruviana. A male at San Diego Zoo, USA.
Photo: Jerry Thompson
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rupicola_peruviana_(male)_-San_Diego_Zoo-8a.jpg

The Andean Cock-of-the-rock, Rupicola peruvianus, is a medium-sized passerine bird of the Cotinga family native to
Andean cloud forests in South America. It is widely regarded as the national bird of Peru.

The species exhibits marked sexual dimorphism; the male has a large disk-like crest and scarlet or brilliant orange plumage,
while the female is significantly darker and browner. Gatherings of males compete for breeding females with each male
displaying its colourful plumage, bobbing and hopping, and making a variety of calls. After mating, the female makes a nest
under a rocky overhang, incubates the eggs, and rears the young, all by herself.

The Andean Cock-of-the-rock is a medium-sized, approximately 32 cm long and weighing 235 grams, passerine which
exhibits marked sexual dimorphism. The male has a large disk-like crest and scarlet or brilliant orange plumage. It has black
tail and wings, and pale grey scapulars. The female is significantly darker and browner than the male and has a shorter crest.
The bill is yellowish in the male, and dark with a small yellow tip in the female. Depending on gender and subspecies there are
significant variations in the colour of the iris, ranging from red over orange and yellow to bluish-white in the male, and whitish
over reddish to brown in the female. In addition to the display calls described in the breeding section below, foraging birds
give a loud querulous "uankk?" when disturbed or in flight.



Two male Andean Cocks-of-the-rock in Peru.
Photo: Ricardo Sánchez
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rupicola_peruvianus_-Peru_-two-8.jpg

The Andean Cock-of-the-rock is distributed in cloud forests of the Andes in a large range of about 260,000 km² across
Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, and Bolivia, mostly in ravines and forested streams in montane areas at 500–2400
meters elevation. It typically stays in the lower and middle forest levels, but will range higher in fruiting trees and sometimes
will enter and cross clearings. It is generally shy and inconspicuous, often seen only briefly after being flushed or swiftly
flying down a valley.

The diet consists mainly of fruit and insects, although small vertebrates such as frogs or lizards have been recorded.
They are one of many species recorded following army ants.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andean_Cock-of-the-rock


peak
Illimani, Bolivia.

So far, we have been climbing the mountains. Now let us see what happens if we go into the Jungle

The Peruvian Amazon is the area of the Amazon jungle included in the territory of Peru, from the east of the Andes to borders
with Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil and Bolivia. This region comprises 60% of the country and is marked by a large degree of
biodiversity. Peru has the second largest portion of the Amazon rain forest after the Brazilian Amazon.

Most Peruvian territory is covered by dense Amazon forests on the east side of the Andes, yet only 5% of Peruvians live in this area. The Amazon rain forest covers more than 60 percent of Peruvian territory, more than in any other country save Brazil.


Photo: Ricardo Sánchez

The lowland jungle (in Spanish Selva Baja) is also known as Omagua region, Walla, Anti, Amazonian rainforest or Amazon basin.
This ecoregion is the largest of Peru, standing between 80 and 1000 meters above sea level. It has very warm weather with an
average temperature of 28°C, high relative humidity (over 75%) and yearly rainfall of approximately 2.500mm. Its soils are very
heterogeneous but almost all have river origins, and due to high temperatures and high rainfall they are poor soils with few nutrients.

Of the 1816 bird species, and of the 462 of the mammals in Peru, 805 different birds and 293 of the mammals are to be found
the Peruvian Amazon. 19 percent of all the birds in the world live in Peru.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruvian_Amazon



Jungle
Photo: Ricardo Sánchez

First of all, just don't walk into the Jungle without a guide!
You never know what you will find there - or whom will find you......



American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis


Alligator (Caimán in Peru)
Photo: Ricardo Sánchez

An alligator is a crocodilian in the genus Alligator of the family Alligatoridae. There are two living alligator species: the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis, and the Chinese alligator, Alligator sinensis.

The name alligator is an anglicized form of el lagarto, the Spanish term for "lizard", which early Spanish explorers and settlers in Florida called the alligator.

A large adult American alligator's weight and length is360 kg and 4.0 m long, but can grow to 4.4 m long and
weigh over 450 kg.The largest ever recorded was found in Louisiana and measured 5.84 m.
The Chinese alligator is smaller, rarely exceeding 2.1 m in length. Alligators have an average of 75 teeth.

There is no measured average lifespan for an alligator. In 1937, a one year-old specimen was brought to the Belgrade Zoo in Serbia from Germany. It is now 76 years old. Another specimen, Cabulitis, in Riga Zoo, Latvia died in 2007 being more than 75 years old.


Alligator eggs and young alligators
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alligator_eggs_and_young_alligators.jpg

When young, alligators eat fish, insects, snails, crustaceans, and worms. As they mature, progressively larger prey is
taken, including larger fish such as gar, turtles, various mammals, birds, deer and other reptiles. Their stomachs also
often contain gizzard stones. They will even consume carrion if they are sufficiently hungry. Adult alligators can take
razorbacks and deer and are well known to kill and eat smaller alligators. In some cases, larger alligators are known
to ambush dogs, Florida panther and black bears, making it the apex predator throughout its distribution. As humans
encroach onto their habitat, attacks are few but not unknown. Alligators, unlike the large crocodiles, do not immediately
regard a human upon encounter as prey, but may still attack in self-defense if provoked. (Just so you know....)


White alligator.
Photo: Ricardo Sánchez

There are two kinds of white alligators, albino and leucistic. These alligators are extremely rare and practically impossible to find in the wild. They could survive only in captivity. As with all white animals, they are very vulnerable to the sun and predators.[16] Like other albino vertebrates, albino alligators have a non-functional allele for a gene controlling one step in the melanin biosynthetic pathway.[16] It is the absence of the melanin pigment that makes them albino. In leucistic alligators, all skin pigments are absent—not just melanin. This makes them white with blue eyes.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alligator



Scarlet Macaw, Ara macao


Photo: Ricardo Sánchez

The Scarlet Macaw, Ara macao, or Guacamayo escarlata in spanish, is a large, colorful macaw. It is native to humid
evergreen forests in the American tropics. Range extends from extreme south-eastern Mexico to Amazonian Peru,
Bolivia and Brazil in lowlands up to up to 1,000 m. It has suffered from local extinction through habitat destruction
and capture for the parrot trade, but locally it remains fairly common. Formerly it ranged north to southern Tamaulipas.
It can still be found on the island of Coiba. It is the national bird of Honduras.


Photo: Ricardo Sánchez

Measured between 81 and 96 cm long and weighs 1060 to 1125 g . Male and female adults are usually red,
with blue on the lower back. The tail is red with a blue tip. In the wings are yellow feathers, which may have a green
tip. The top of the peak (upper jaw) is clear with a black mark on each side, at the base. The bottom of the peak (lower jaw) is black. Among the lower jaw and the eye is a white area of skin without feathers. The eyes are yellow.

Hatchlings have a shorter tail and gray eyes, in addition, its lower jaw is clearer.

In Costa Rica , the scarlet macaw was common both in the region of the Pacific and in the Caribbean until the last
century, but now almost nonexistent on the Caribbean side and the main populations persist in the National Parks
Corcovado and Carara , and in the Guanacaste Conservation Area .

They feed on seeds, fruits, nuts, flowers and nectar. Can be seen in tall trees and deciduous lowland forest or near
streams. Among them, take advantage of the fruits and seeds of trees of the genus Eschweilera , Hura , Spondias
and Terminalia .



Photo: Ricardo Sánchez

With more than 800 different bird-species to be found here, lets look at some more:


Snakebird, Anhinga anhinga



Anhinga anhinga
Photo: Ricardo Sánchez

The Anhinga, Anhinga anhinga, sometimes called Snakebird, Darter, American Darter, or Water Turkey, is a water
bird of the warmer parts of the Americas. The word "anhinga" comes from the Brazilian Tupi language and means
devil bird or snake bird.

It is a cormorant-like bird with an average body length of 85 cm, a wingspan of 117 cm, and a mass of 1.35 kg.
It is a dark-plumaged piscivore with a very long neck, and often swims with only the neck above water.
When swimming in this style the name Snakebird is apparent, since only the colored neck appears above water
the bird looks like a snake ready to strike.

The Anhinga is placed in the darter family, Anhingidae, and is closely related to Indian Darter, Anhinga melanogaster,
African Darter, Anhinga rufa, and Australian Darter, Anhinga novaehollandiae.


A juvenile Anhinga in Uarini, Amazonas, Brazil. 2010.
Photo: Cláudio Dias Timm

Unlike ducks, the Anhinga is not able to waterproof its feathers using oil produced by the uropygial gland.
Consequently, feathers can become waterlogged, making the bird barely buoyant. However, this allows it to dive
easily and search for underwater prey, such as fish and amphibians. It can stay down for significant periods.

When necessary, the Anhinga will dry out its wings and feathers, with the resemblance of the semicircular full-spread
shape of its group of tail feathers while drying them out, to that of true meleagrine males lending the name "water turkey"
to it. It will perch for long periods with its wings spread to allow the drying process, as do cormorants.
If it attempts to fly while its wings are wet, it has great difficulty getting off the water and takes off by flapping
vigorously while 'running' on the water. Anhinga will often search for food in small groups.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anhinga


Turtles and Tursoises


Photo: Ricardo Sánchez

There are about 19 different Turtles and Tortoises in Peru. To say which is which, without having talked to them ourselves,
seems to be very difficult. So here lets just what is the difference between a turtle and a tortoise.

Turtles are reptiles of the order Testudines (the crown group of the superorder Chelonia), characterised by a special bony
or cartilaginous shell developed from their ribs that acts as a shield. "Turtle" may either refer to the Testudines as a whole,
or to particular Testudines which make up a form taxon that is not monophyletic. Turtles are marine reptiles.

Like other reptiles, turtles are ectotherms—their internal temperature varies according to the ambient environment,
commonly called cold-blooded. However, leatherback sea turtles have noticeably higher body temperature than surrounding
water because of their high metabolic rate.


Photo: Ricardo Sánchez

Like other amniotes (reptiles, dinosaurs, birds, and mammals), they breathe air and do not lay eggs underwater, although
many species live in or around water. The largest turtles are aquatic.

Tortoises, Testudinidae are a family of land-dwelling reptiles of the order of turtles, Testudines.
Like their marine cousins, the sea turtles, tortoises are shielded from predators by a shell. The top part of the shell is the
carapace, the underside is the plastron, and the two are connected by the bridge. The tortoise has both an endoskeleton
and an exoskeleton. Tortoises can vary in size from a few centimeters to two meters. Tortoises are usually diurnal animals
with tendencies to be crepuscular depending on the ambient temperatures. They are generally reclusive animals.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ - Tortoise and -Turtle


White-rumped Hawk, Buteo leucorrhous


White-rumped Hawk, Gavilán Negro in Peru, Buteo leucorrhous
Photo: Ricardo Sánchez

The White-rumped Hawk, Buteo leucorrhous, is a species of bird of prey in the Accipitridae family.
It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.


Purus red howler, Alouatta puruensis

 

Monos aulladores
Photo: Ricardo Sánchez

The Purus red howler, Alouatta puruensis, is a species of howler monkey native to Brazil and Peru.
Howler monkeys,( genus Alouatta monotypic in subfamily Alouattinae) are among the largest of the New
World monkeys. Fifteen species are currently recognised. These monkeys are native to South and Central American forests. Threats to howler monkeys include human predation, habitat destruction and being captured
for captivity as pets or zoo animals.

Howler monkeys have a short snout, and wide-set, round nostrils. They range in size from 56 to 92 cm, excluding
their tail which can be equally as long. Like many New World monkeys, they have prehensile tails. Unlike other New
World monkeys, both male and female howler monkeys have trichromatic color vision.


Photo: Ricardo Sánchez

They have a lifespan of 15 to 20 years. Males are, on avePhoto: Ricardo Sánchez rage, 1.5 to 2 kg heavier than females.

Howler monkeys generally move quadrupedally on the tops of branches, usually grasping a branch with at least two
hands or one hand and the tail at all times. They have strong prehensile tails which are able to support the monkey's
entire body weight. But fully adult howler monkeys don't often rely on their tail for full body support whereas juveniles
do so more frequently.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howler_monkey


Capuchines

  
Capuchino
Photo: Ricardo Sánchez

The capuchins are the members of the genus Cebus of primates world monkeys of Central and South , are named after
the monks Capuchins , whose hood has a similar color to the hairs surrounding the face of these monkeys.
The Capuchins are small, typically about 45 cm long with a tail prehensile arms wrap around to help in moving around the
trees. It is believed that the capuchin monkey is the most intelligent New World monkeys, likes to explore and when
observed in captivity, often reduced to pieces the things that is. In general the young monkey is lighter than the adult,
its tail is the same length as the body. Normally live in herds, so when released captive capuchins is always done in groups.
Source: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mono_capuchino

That is the end of our look at Peru. Now let's go further south...

Part 2. Chile

All pictures, unless otherwise stated, Copyright © Vladimir Dinets

The photos by
Ricardo Sánchez comes from this excellent gellery of Peruvian nature and folklore at http://www.flickr.com/photos/foolonhill/sets/72157620983967166/
under the following limits: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en



bukkm.gif
ANIMALS

over 250

birdm.jpg
BIRDS

over 500

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FLOWERS

over 225
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